The A&A process establishes the extent to which a particular design and implementation, meet a set of specified security requirements defined by the organization, government guidelines, and federal mandates into a formal authorization package.
Independent assessment reduces bias and uncovers blind spots in internal reviews. External testers provide objective validation of system resilience. Independent penetration testing strengthens confidence in defensive posture. Separation of duties enhances credibility and assurance.
SPR-377
The [organization] shall conduct control assessments of the information system using independent assessors.{SV-DCO-1}{CA-2(1)}
Independent assessors shall be individuals or entities external to the operational chain of command and not involved in the development, implementation, or operations of the system under assessment.
SPR-378
The [organization] shall establish and maintain processes to manage and oversee independent assessors, including their qualifications, roles, and responsibilities.{SV-DCO-1}{CA-2(1),CA-7(1)}
Independent assessors shall be individuals or entities external to the operational chain of command and not involved in the development, implementation, or operations of the system under assessment.